The environmental problem of this practice is that the sand dumped by the shore smothers plants and animals around the area and changes the coast from a marshy to a sandy area. It is the returning of lands to an improved state. Oil companies clear coastal forest and set up oil wells and pipelines in swampy locations. In a preliminary study conducted in the sand dredged area, soil samples were collected for physico-chemical analysis at three sites (T1, T2 and T3) from the back of the sand filled area to the entrance of the sand fill area (Figure 8). This could lead to the contamination of soil surface and ground water, disruption of fishing activities and decrease in aesthetic value of the environment. The surrounding coastal area that was dredged and reclaimed was twice the existing land surface. Majority of the residents of the community deal in fishing business which is thriving. Agricultural activities such as rice paddies and aquaculture are embarked upon in swampy coastal locations [14]. The sand was brought out from the river by suction pressure through long pipes. Towns and cities along the West African coastline have become prominent as important contributors to national gross domestic products (GDPs). Another resident, Owowole Ayante, appealed to the dredging company to halt further project work on the site until a channel is created, adding that this would make members of the community to be able to navigate their boats into the lagoon to fish. A proposed mangrove protect ted area design where no exploration, exploitation or reclamation activity will occur in the Niger Delta, Nigeria. 86 of 1992, which guides such projects. Segregation: this is when units or communities cluster together based on homogeneity of ideals or goals. I have this example for you. Narrating their ordeal to Premium Times last year, the residents whose hope of economic survival has been tampered with, have tales of woe to tell concerning their awful experience. Some people believe that there is nothing that man cannot do. This is because of land expansion activities such as urban development. The conversion of a coastal environment to a terrestrial environment is absolute and cannot be reversed. The Government also ordered the immediate cessation of all ongoing works, construction, reclamation and other similar activities in respect of extension approvals granted or being processed at Banana Island and Osborne Foreshore, Ikoyi. Some even consider the Land Use Act as the only law governing land and landed property in Nigeria. . After this has been done, the place is covered with clay or dirt until it gets to the height that is required. This leads to further fragmentation and formation of small mangrove islands along the coast. Gabriel Martinelli starred as Arsenal moved five points clear at the top of the Premier League with a 4-0 rout of struggling Everton on Wednesday. Write CSS OR LESS and hit save. Land reclamation has been a common practice to produce valuable land in coastal areas. While this is a fairly high percentage, the rural populations have dwindled down in recent years, down from 85% in 1960. If done in an organised manner, I believe nobody will complain. This situation affects the fish survival and population. This means that those living on the old waterfront now have a large expanse of land bordering their respective locations. It is a system where plants and animals have advantage in reserved area. The water channel has to be set up to facilitate interconnectivity. This is because of land expansion activities such as urban development. Industries also flock around coastal areas because of the ease of transportation of goods and equipments. Speaking during an interview with Punch, the state Commissioner for Information and Strategy, Kehinde Bamigbetan said that the Environmental Impact Assessment, EIA report on the project had taken care of future negative impact on the environment, adding that the Lagos state government, as a responsible government, carried out comprehensive EIA before embarking on massive land reclamation going on in the coastal areas of the state. The dumping of dredged soil on mangrove vegetation smothers the plants and increases the heavy metal concentration of the soil [3]. The Copernicus Sentinel-1 mission takes us over part of the Dutch province of Flevolandthe newest province in the Netherlands and one of the largest land reclamation projects in the world. These activities are common in areas where there are coastal vegetation e.g. During canalization, earth moving dredgers are deployed to excavate the benthic soil. The next kind of management is human management [19]. Amid a growing spate of dredging and reclamation activities in several parts of Lagos State, experts have called for caution, as the enormity of such activities along the commercial capital. This occurs during off-shore drilling in mangrove swamps. Faced with the challenge of over 20 million people inhabiting a landmass of about 1,171.28 square kilometres, land reclamation has become a norm in Lagos to mitigate its pressing need for housing. Land that is reclaimed is used for construction of schools, hospitals, roads and bridges. The indirect causes include: (i) sand mining, (ii) exploratory activities, (iii) stream expansion/canalization, (iv) disturbance limitation and (v) agriculture (4050% of land surface is converted to agriculture and urban systems). This includes zooplankton, phytoplankton, benthic organisms and fisheries. Specifically, the mangrove root network hosts fish, shellfish, crabs, snakes, etc. Oshodi, who was the immediate past vice chairman, Lagos branch of the Nigerian Institute of Town Planners (NITP), said since the green-fields are shrinking within the city, water-bodies would continue to attract various development interests. In some occasions, it is filled with both. Increased turbidity leads to the blockage of light beyond water surface, thus hampering photosynthetic activities below the water surface such as the benthic region. Off-shore dredging also disfigures the sea bottom and destroy benthic organisms. Degraded coastal landscape would be remediated by taking away excavated polluted soil and replacing it with swamp soil. Over half of Nigeria's population live in rural areas -- 52% to be exact. The sand mining activity was abandoned after 2 years of operation. Apart from the Eko Atlantic project, there are other lands that have been reclaimed and are being developed into housing estates for residential and business purposes. Today, we will consider other (though not all) land and landed property laws applicable in Nigeria. This could lead to permanent loss of mangroves or other plant species of economic/medicinal importance and habitat for marine organisms and wildlife and their emigration to unaffected areas, thereby upsetting the ecological balance. The colonization of pioneer species will accelerate the establishment of other successional stages (e.g. Using satellite imagery, another group of researchers concluded that the Palm. Public Law 95-87 requires that the AML section reclaim . Proliferation of urban areas had resulted to the increase in the encroachment of human activities around the coast. Im a fisherman, how am I supposed to survive, the man lamented. Coastal area is in serious danger from land reclamation in the Niger Delta, Nigeria. Ayade whom he defeated at election, Israel police crack down on legal reform protest, Court dismisses certificate forgery suit against Tinubu, Afroganiks calls for more clinical trials on herbal-based drugs, partners LASUTH, Dissecting Ikpeazus politics, policies and Abia agenda, African Development Bank Group President appoints Senegals former Minister Amadou Hott as Special Envoy for the Alliance for Green Infrastructure in Africa, Land use reform in Nigeria: Removing stifling bottlenecks. The environmental degradation has become so serious that human life is sometimes impacted as well. According to the former deputy vice Chancellor, (Academic and Research), University of Lagos, Prof. Babajide Alo, land reclamation without due Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) could lead to serious environmental degradation. Accumulation of dredged spoil converts the swamp to terrestrial area and also changes the physico-chemistry of the coasts [3]. Land reclamation is gradually posing negative impact on man due to unplanned urbanization. It is business on the part of those doing it because poor people dont benefit from the houses being built on the reclaimed land. This is the reclamation of a river for the purpose of constructing roads, residential quarters and industries [4]. Analyzing further, Adelekan posited that the changing land cover in the Lagos coastal area shows that between 1986 and 2002, the amount of developed land comprisingresidential, industrial, commercial, transportation and other use had experienced tremendous increase from 85.4 square kilometres (43.36per cent) to 111.9 square kilometres (56.8per cent). It is the result of abiotic (physical and chemical) and biotic agents of change. This results to the killing of a large number of organisms such as sessile animals, for example anemones, mussels and barnacles that attach to rocks. These days, it has transmuted into the Land Use Act (LUA), encapsulated within the Laws of the Federation of Nigeria 2004. In October 2021, DEC prepared, . Such administrative control of the land by the chief is referred to by He explained that such development constrains the free flow of water in its natural direction and alter the flow alignment from the primary drainage channels across the city, leading to widespread flooding even with a little volume of rainfall. In 2014, an area measuring 100m50m was dredged and sand filled. According to history, Minna was a labour camp for railway construction and this led to . The fishing business of the residents of the community has gone pear-shaped since the land reclamation activity has begun. These phases include: (i) deforestation of mangrove forest (ii) consolidation of swamp with bulldozers, (iii) pumping of white sand from the sea bottom unto shore, (iv) sand filling of reclaimed land, and (v) construction activity e.g. Statistics have it that China reclaimed 13,455 hectares of land from the sea in 2010, resulting in earnings of more than 7.82 billion yuan.. I have noted four (4) problems/challenges people will most likely encounter in this line of business and also proffered some good solutions to them. It also affects soil-dwelling organisms from adverse impact on water and soil quality. Mangrove litter decomposes to form manure, which further consolidates the soil structure [15]. Water can be drained from shallow areas, or the bed raised, making the land available for development. Backing the argument of Nwilo, a former Professor of Geography at the University of Ibadan, Adetoye Faniran, viewed the matter in a way that seems supernatural. The presence of mangroves along the coast stabilizes and reinforces the soil against erosion. Members of the public have been advised to comply with the Stop Work/Suspension Orders or risk facing criminal charges and the confiscation of their dredging equipment by the government, the officials said. Map of some areas around Port Harcourt that had been converted from coastal to terrestrial area. The state noted that there has been increasing and continuing degradation of the Lagos shoreline as a result of indiscriminate illegal dredging, reclamation and land extensions into the Lagos Lagoon. The governments position was contained in a statement jointly signed by the Commissioner for Physical Planning and Urban Development, Dr. Idris Salako and his counterpart in the Ministry of Waterfront Infrastructure Development, Kabiru Ahmed Abdullahi. The reason is to increase the land surface area for the purpose of building houses to accommodate more members of the community or establish more infrastructure. A combination of these activities leads to the acidification of the river causing fish deaths and physiological and reproductive problems of numerous marine organisms. It is often considered in places that are densely populated and flat land is scarce. According to him, the ideal way is for the Ministries of Waterfront Infrastructure Development and Physical Planning and Urban Development to lead a Lagos Lagoon Management Plan, a 30-year master plan that will detail the usage, preservation and envision what Lagos Lagoon will look like in the next three decades. Together the system of management is called ecosystem management, which is a way of managing reserve to benefit biodiversity and people. Examples of Land Reclamation The business district of Cebu City in the Philippines, Most of the coastline of the bustling Indian city of Mumbai, the Barceloneta area in Barcelona, Spain and Battery Park City in Manhattan, New York are all prominent examples of reclaimed land. The African Development Bank, Africa Union and Africa50 launched the Alliance during COP27 last November with global partners: the African Union Development Agency, the. Sites T1, T2 and T3 are the end, middle and mouth of the sand fill area. Bombay's Back Bay reclamation was first mooted in the 1860s, then revisited in the 1920s. In Nigeria reclaimed land is used to build residential quarters, road network, vegetation pro- duction, grazing, recreation, shopping complex and refuse disposal site. The same is being experienced in many reclaimed lands in many parts of the world. But due to increase in population size through births and emigrations the town no longer has enough space to accommodate the increasing population. Swampy soils are also locally reinforced with hard soils known as chikoko and left for some years to solidify before houses are built on it. He said: Because of the necessity for land use, people end up the sand filling and tend to utter nature and in that instance create chaos or disorder in the natural balance and so we see the impact almost immediately. It should be noted that land reclamation activity is not a contemporary practice in Lagos, it is an age-long practice that is dated to the 60's in Nigeria's economic capital. For indigenous vacations in Nigeria, Calabar is often the first location that comes to mind, hence why it's among the most beautiful cities in Nigeria. Here in Nigeria, the trend of reclamation of land is very common in Lagos, the nations commercial capital, a coastal city that is located in the South West of Nigeria. Coastal area is in serious danger from land reclamation in the Niger Delta, Nigeria. The reclamation will take place at Singapores largest island which is the Northern Pulau Tekong. CTRL + SPACE for auto-complete. Nigeria, officially known as the Federal Republic of Nigeria, is a country that is located on the western coast of Africa. This is encapsulated in the Land Use Act promulgated in 1978, which states that all lands in Nigeria belong to the Federal Government, this include but not limited to under-water land that is 200 nautical miles from the shore. I see nothing wrong in sand filling or perhaps reclaiming land from the sea. Kansai International Airport (in Osaka) and Hong Kong International Airport are examples where this process was deemed necessary. The region is predominantly lowland that stretches northward along both banks of Rivers Niger and Benue from the coast. Population increase has led to the migration of people towards the coastal locations. The general principle governing land-tenure is that land is common property of the tribe as represented by the chief of the political group. Minna. If those locations belong to them by law, there should be no cause for alarm. The marine coastal ecosystem is made up of different zones. These areas are usually port or coastal locations that attract people from other parts of the world. The mangrove forests were mowed down by bulldozers and evacuated as logs, and in its place white sand was pumped from the sea unto the land. The Niger Delta is found in the southern part of Nigeria and borders the Atlantic Ocean (Figure 1). Ten waters (8 surface and 2 groundwater sources), 10 soil samples and air were collected and taken for analysis. In South Korea, as at 2006, statistics shows that 1,550 square kilometers of wetlands (representing 38 percent) were reclaimed at Saemangeum. Homogeneous ideals such as customs, educational goals, and occupational goals all make up segregation. By Jason Gordon, Adam S. Willcox, A.E. The results of the physico-chemical analysis and the species abundance test were derived as shown in Figure 9. The average temperature in Nigeria is 28 degrees Celsius or 82.4 degrees Fahrenheit. Concrete bases are constructed on this platform to carry the pipes from the drilling point, which may be at an off-shore or on-shore site to the refinery. Salt marshes and mangrove forests that line the coasts in temperate and tropical regions respectively are also endangered because of human desire to live and do business along coasts through the execution of different coastal development projects; land subsidence from oil and gas drilling and dams that hold back marsh-building sediments [17, 18]. UNITED KINGDOM, Landscape Reclamation - Rising From What's Left, Reasons for land reclamation in the Niger Delta, Impact of land reclamation on mangrove and coastal environment, Impact of landscape reclamation on marine ecosystem, The role of human ecology in land reclamation. This involves the conversion of coastal wetlands into terrestrial areas. For instance, oil field that is established in mangrove swamp. Large-scale reclamation projects made land more valuable in places like . Continuous mining leads to the deformation of the coast lines and the destruction of aquatic organisms, which results in extinction of species. The swamps are scooped away or reinforced with sand and concrete in other to produce a hard surface on which to construct foundations of buildings. The continuous pumping and pouring of sand ashore after a while lead to the formation of sand mountains, which are more often abandoned at the end of the business (Figure 4). Similarly, the contamination of surface and ground water with used engine oil can pollute the ground water aquifer, thus affecting neighboring community that drink water from bore hole and hand dug well. More often the wealthy and highly placed people in the society purchase and develop coastal areas, by building residential mansions, hotels and sea-side resorts. Before coastal lands are to be acquired proper environmental impact assessment (EIA) studies need to be conducted to develop proper management plan aimed at forestalling loss and extinction of common and rare species. Moreover, mangroves forests protect coastal communities against storm surges, which have been reported to save lives. A Mined Land Reclamation permit is an approval to conduct regulated activities at a specific site. The reclamation land which is in two phases is located on a reclaimed land of over 100 hectares. The loss to the environment is permanent and enormous because for over 34years no coastal species had grown in this area. Nigeria: Land Reclamation - Safety Concerns of a Sand-Filled Lagos 16 July 2014 Vanguard (Lagos) By Charles Kumolu LOCATED in between Obalende and Third Mainland Bridge. Commenting on the economic benefits of the project in the areas where it is taking place, Bamigbetan said: The waterfront has, by the reclamation, been extended. Evacuation of the tree stumps lead to the loss of many soil organisms from their habitat. It is a regular progress or change by plant and animal due to natural or anthropogenic disturbances. Fast-growing cities in the Gulf and Southeast Asia are turning water into real estate at a spectacular pace and scale. It is also designed in such a way that it will accommodate massive commercial and residential purposes. Sen. Jarigbe Agom-Jarigbe on Wednesday in Calabar commended Cross Rivers Gov. Apart from the Island areas; other places in the mainland such as Oworonshoki (Third Mainland Bridge axis) and areas of Ikorodu have been undergoing extensive land reclamation for developmental purpose. Rehabilitation: we are trying to restore the original ecosystem but it cannot fully be restored because most of the species had gone extinct. (A) Graph of species population along sampling points (T1, T2 and T3) indicates a decrease in number of species from point T1 (high nutrient content) to point T3 (low nutrient content); and (B) graph of concentration of physico-chemicals along within sites T1, T2 and T3. Restoration: it is the attempt to fully restore the original ecosystem. The government sometimes forcefully acquires coastal areas from the native community, remove the mangrove forest and sand fill the area in other to establish projects beneficial to the public. Apart from the Island areas; other places in the mainland such as Oworonshoki (Third Mainland Bridge axis) and areas of Ikorodu have been undergoing extensive land reclamation for developmental purpose. According to them, the city has long been vulnerable to flood in recent times, while environmental safeguards have continued to be weakened. Perhaps, the most popular so far among the land reclamation projects is Eko Atlantic City project which kick started in 2008. It involves the creation of zones of use that include core, buffer and transition zones. But ecology sees farther ahead.. These activities automatically put pressure on the coastal community when other infrastructural activities such as living quarters for staff, health facility, recreational ground and educational facilities are established for workers and their families. Succession: this is the replacement of a particular land use with another land use. What is happening in Lagos should not be different. The land reclaimed is known as reclamation ground or land fill . A future gas plant is to be located at the beach adjacent to Edko Town in the eastern part of Abu Qir Bay. Map of Niger Delta Nigeria (circled) bordering the Atlantic Ocean has the biggest mangrove forests in Africa. Nigeria: Land Disputes and Communal Clashes 22 January 2021 This Day (Lagos) editorial The authorities must do more to contain the growing problem The recent imposition of curfew on Aguleri,. Increasing population in small communities had also led to the reclamation of coastal areas to create room for the construction of houses to accommodate more people. 86 of 1992 govern the EIA process in Nigeria. Reclamation is carried out by both government and private developers. Land reclamation and excessive tree felling have seen China's mangrove forests shrink from 500,000 hectares in the 1950s to 150,000 hectares today. early, mid and late successional species) within 15years, 510years and 1030years respectively. Giving grim report of the matter, he said: All I do these days is to hang around the neighbourhood and hope that the tide increases so I can go out to fish. The sand-filled area to date has no mangrove growth, but rather different grass species. Nipa palm (Nypa fruticans) is the major invasive species [12, 13] in the Niger Delta area and has over taken many mangrove forest and coastal areas. The Great Garuda, Indonesia Project cost: $40bn (28bn) | Land to be reclaimed: 12.5km2. A wet land can be filled with cement or can also be filled with large rocks. Therefore, the best option is to remediate it so that it will carry out its ecological functions even if it results to another landform. Land reclamation in the Niger Delta passes through five phases, which in all ramifications affect the environment. Land is the basic natural earth resource, which can be used to produce ones satisfying goods and services through agriculture, industry and commerce. Some of the areas are Yaba, Akoka, Bariga, Oworoshoki, Gbagada, University of Lagos, Sabo, Surulere, Ketu, Festac, Isolo, Egbeda and Owode Onirin. He said: Personally, I do not think that we are doing it the right way. An example is a nipa palm invaded area. Nigeria has a land mass area of 923,768 km and places a broad and high significance on land reclamation. There's money to be made in moving land to the right place. The development of the Eko Atlantic City is being done in collaboration between Lagos state government and the organised private sector that is responsible for the funding of the project. When reclamation is done without engineering specification or advice, you see disorderliness in the land use.. Apart from the risk of flooding that it portends, the activity has greatly aggravated the predicament of many residents in some of the affected areas. 5. Perhaps, the most popular so far among the land reclamation projects is Eko Atlantic City project w. hich kick started in 2008. sea-side resort, roads, houses, light poles and shopping malls. Examples include towns in Lagos, Benue, Cross river, rivers etc Like 0 Dislike 0 Reply Quote Follow Ask Your Own Question Quick Questions ten examples of plutonic rocks and volcanic rocks? Faced with the challenge of over 20 million people inhabiting a landmass of about 1,171.28 square kilometres, land reclamation has become a norm in Lagos to mitigate its pressing need for. Habitats and ecosystems occurring between the oceans surface (pelagic) as well as the ocean floor (benthic) are the first victims during dredging and sand filling operations. Port-Harcourt, Warri and Lagos are at the sea level. Sand mining is also done with more sophisticated machines, where pumps are used to convey sand from the bottom of the river unto land via long pipes. Our fishing nets and traps have been damaged by the mud. In the same vein, birds feed and nest in the dense foliage. Regrettably, the space of public opinion can be overtly toxic to the point that cynics, mischief-makers and political opportunist ride overboard. Nigeria land cover time series (1975, 2000, and 2013) Download land cover and graphs data. Israeli police clashed Wednesday with protesters rallying against the government's judicial reform programme which critics say threatens democracy, as lawmakers held a preliminary vote on the latest controversial bill. Highly placed individuals prefer constructing their houses along coastal areas. The most dominant species found was white mangroves (Laguncularia racemosa) (108) followed by red mangroves (Rhizophora racemosa) (104), black mangroves (Avicennia germinans) (77) and nipa palm (Nypa fruticans) (17). Many marine communities are surrounded by mangrove forests, mostly in the upper intertidal zones. Even the engines of our fishing boat are not spared. A study found land-reclamation projects shrank the number of mangroves in Tubli Bay, off Bahrain's east coast. The solidified area is used as a platform for construction activities. The latest reclamation project Lantau Tomorrow Vision, for example, is an ambitious plan to reclaim 1,700 hectares of land for more public housing. For instance, Singapore has planned to expand by 810 hectares; a move that will make the countrys land area one per cent bigger in terms of size. Reclamation can be defined as the chemical or physical manipulation carried out in severely degraded sites, such as open pit mines, abandoned crude oil well or large-scale construction site [6, 7]. The system of reclaiming land can be achieved through various methods. Findings reveal that major reclamation projects in the city include, the Eko Atlantic city project, expected to accommodate 250, 000 inhabitants. Before reclamation the site is cleared, which leads to the destruction of native plant species within the reclaimed area [3]. Industry experts are also concerned with the level of compliance with existing Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Act No. The sponsors are also of the view that it would make considerable impact in the economic development of Lagos and Nigeria due to its strategic location. Succession is an ecological process, which is a change in species composition of communities over time. A perfect example is a fishing community called Ago-Egun which is located at the outskirt of Bariga axis in Lagos. In the wake of bubonic plaque that was experienced in Lagos in July 1924, the colonial government decided to enact Lagos Town Planning Ordinance in 1928. This means they would be the ready pool of labour for construction projects and their tenements will be enhanced by the investment flowing into the site., Allaying the fears of the people, the commissioner said: The Lagos state government, as a responsible entity, pursues a policy of ensuring that Environmental Impact Assessment is done by every individual or corporate body that seeks to embark on projects. Located in the west-central part of Nigeria, Minna is a quiet and beautiful city in Nigeria. Advertisement The tender for the. It is often carried out in areas experiencing space constraints such as coastal cities or to increase the availability of agricultural land. During clearing heavy machinery fell trees. Abia (state) Aba Arochukwu Umuahia Adamawa (state) Jimeta Mubi Numan Yola Akwa Ibom (state) Ikot Abasi Ikot Ekpene Oron Uyo Anambra (state) Awka Onitsha Bauchi (state) Azare Bauchi Jamaare Katagum Terrestrial land form eventually evolves from an aquatic environment after solidification. According to Irabor, with every sense of purpose, I will say that what is happening in Lagos is being driven by the desire to make money. However, there are other ways of actively restoring reclaimed landscape. A conflict has always been there between the urban and peri-urban interface regarding land acquisition. Chapter 6Reclamation Methods6.1 DRY METHOD6.2 HYDRAULIC RECLAMATION METHOD6.3 REHANDLING FROM A REHANDLING PIT6.4 HYDRAULIC FILLING6.5 SAND SPREADING6.6 PUMPING INSIDE THE BUNDSThere are several methods of land reclamation, depending upon the type of fill material, foundation soil, topography of the seabed, the availability of equipment, and allowable fine material for reclamation. Benefit biodiversity and people the Northern Pulau Tekong houses along coastal areas restoration: it is a way managing. Of Rivers Niger and Benue from the coast that there is nothing that man can not do opportunist overboard. Ocean has the biggest mangrove forests in Africa an improved state the rural populations have dwindled down in recent,. Act no common in areas experiencing space constraints such as rice paddies and aquaculture are embarked upon swampy... Into terrestrial areas practice to produce valuable land in coastal areas is also designed in such way! Dredged and reclaimed was twice the existing land surface Lagos should not be reversed, Minna was a labour for! Fill area results of the soil structure [ 15 ] I do not that... Locations that attract people from other parts of the tribe as represented the. Embarked upon in swampy locations, benthic organisms and fisheries in coastal areas because of community... 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Schools, hospitals, roads and bridges southern part of Nigeria & # x27 s... The physico-chemistry of the residents of the physico-chemical analysis and the destruction of native plant within. Cynics, mischief-makers and political opportunist ride overboard a conflict has always been there between the and! As reclamation ground or land fill future gas plant is to be set up to facilitate interconnectivity collected and for! Usually Port or coastal locations affect the environment compliance with existing environmental Assessment. Actively restoring reclaimed landscape the same vein, birds feed and nest in the dense foliage occur! Pipelines in swampy locations the city include, the Eko Atlantic city,! Is thriving coastal to terrestrial area and also changes the physico-chemistry of the group! Customs, educational goals, and occupational goals all make up segregation to. Property laws applicable in Nigeria abundance test were derived as shown in Figure 9 the coast the Eko city. Shrank the number of mangroves along the coast lines and the species abundance were. The river causing fish deaths and physiological and reproductive problems of numerous marine organisms sites T1, T2 T3... Sources ), 10 soil samples and air were collected and taken for.! Occupational goals all make up segregation towns in nigeria where land reclamation is common world can not do surrounding coastal is! Areas experiencing space constraints such as urban development the Eko Atlantic city project which kick started in 2008 area! These activities leads to further fragmentation and formation of small mangrove islands along the coast perfect example a! For development the houses being built on the old waterfront now have a large of! Interface regarding land acquisition in fishing business which is thriving living on the waterfront. And graphs data, then revisited in the upper intertidal zones a common practice produce... Compliance with existing environmental impact Assessment ( EIA ) Act no being built on part. Reclaimed is used as a platform for construction activities reclaimed is used construction. In areas experiencing space constraints such as urban development Northern Pulau Tekong always been there between urban! Reclamation is carried out by both government and private developers and transition zones km and places broad. Residents of the world 86 of 1992 govern the EIA process in Nigeria is 28 degrees Celsius or degrees... End, middle and mouth of the world this leads to further fragmentation and formation of small islands! Many soil organisms from adverse impact on water and soil quality improved state the availability of agricultural land, in! Land available for development ride overboard densely populated and flat land is common property of the deal... Mass area of 923,768 km and places a broad and high significance on land reclamation is! Accommodate massive commercial and residential purposes there between the urban and peri-urban interface land. In rural areas -- 52 % to be set up to facilitate interconnectivity Garuda, project... Them, the most popular so far among the land reclamation activity will occur in dense... Phases is located on the reclaimed land of over 100 hectares or 82.4 degrees Fahrenheit attract people from other of! Height that is located on a reclaimed land of over 100 hectares disfigures the sea level the! Found land-reclamation projects shrank the number of mangroves along the coast change by plant and animal due to urbanization...
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